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Volume 17 Number 3
Summer 2002 |
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Healthcare Provider Information Project Occupational Therapy Professor Receives Fellowship Alzheimer's Association Safe Return Grant Expert to Conduct Local Workshop 2002-2003 ALZHEIMER'S RESEARCH AWARD FUND RECIPIENTS ANNOUNCED Creator of Validation Method Speaks in Richmond Discovering Treatments and Improving the Care of Persons with Dementia VCU Elderhostel Recognizes Coordinators
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Older Adults, Social Techniques, and Memory Karla K. Ziegenbalg, Ph.D.
Educational Objectives 1. To use a social psychological perspective to examine memory abilities of older adults. 2. To understand in what ways the social environment, through direct social interaction, affects the memory performance of older adults. 3. To find out what, if any, social factors support memory performance in older adults. Background The effects of social interaction on memory performance, in general, are little understood, while even less is known about how social interaction affects the memory ability of older adults specifically. The general consensus among laypersons and scientists alike is that the decline in memory abilities of older adults makes them vulnerable to memory problems that may affect their daily functioning and competence levels. If this is the case, then ascertaining what, if any, factors support memory performance in older adults would be the logical goal. Case Study Forty older adult (>65 yrs) and forty younger adult (<65 yrs) subjects were shown a biographical documentary film using video equipment. The video was shown in either a classroom or social event environment. Performance on memory and learning was assessed using post-exposure survey instruments (questionnaires) that were created with an eye to providing classroom-style quizzes with unambiguous memory questions regarding information that was presented in the video. Subjects were tested in two ways; first, as individuals, by giving them Questionnaire #1 and asking them to respond to the questions singly (as per a classroom-style quiz); second, as a member of a pair, with two subjects putting their heads together to respond to Questionnaire #2. The experimental paradigm was created to parallel the research of Dixon (1993), and yield evidence regarding his finding that older adults’ memory performance increases to near young adults’ performance when they are tested as (married) pairs. The results of this experiment suggest that older adults may increase
their memory performance through social collaboration with a partner, as
do the younger adults (older
Interpretation and Discussion The results of this research confirmed the principal expectation that older adults would increase their memory performance in the paired recall situation (72% of the older adults scored higher in the paired condition). Who profited more from the shift from individual to collective remembering? In terms of memory performance score, more of the younger adults (97%) increased their memory performance than did the older adults . However, a closer look at the data using percentage increase of scores (older adult mean increase = 92.2%; younger adult mean increase = 70.9%) reveals that both older adults and younger adults improve substantially from the paired situation. Both older and younger adults were gaining a valuable memory resource in their partner, since the presence of a social collaborator made a marked difference in their ability to answer the questionnaire correctly. Among the couples, there appears to be no significant difference in the increase in scores between the couples who have been together more than two years, and those who have been together for less than two years (p = .176). The fact that memory enhance-ment did not seem to be dependent upon being in a long-term relationship with a partner or spouse is important information for older adult caregivers, and may have practical applications for older adult learning programs. In an older adult learning environment such as Elderhostel, one can easily envision using the simple intervention of asking the older adults to find a study partner to attend the classes with them, when comprehension of some particular content is desired. The surprising finding that long-term attachment
does not play a large role in the subsequent memory performance of older
adults in the paired condition may make sense when it is taken into account
that well-acquainted friends may function with the same level of social
skill as long-term couples. Moreover, the finding that friends may
help each other’s memory performance to the same degree as attached couples
may simply expand the
It may be that the key to understanding the benefits of social interaction on memory performance lies in familiarity, rather than mode of attachment or longevity of relationship. Interestingly, Dixon & Gould (1998) found that older and younger adult married couples performed equivalently in the proportion of items they answered correctly in a knowledge-of-spouse set of questions. Extrapolating further along these lines, it is possible that familiarity among friends may provide the bedrock for smooth social interaction, which Dixon & Gould term “expert interaction.” So, expert interaction between friends rather than the individual’s married status may be central to memory enhancement. Future research with married couples, friends, and unacquainted pairs using similar stimulus materials with a sharper focus on the particular details of the moment by moment interaction would do much to elucidate this issue. The finding of improved memory through pairing may yield beneficial results for older adults if applied research is undertaken. For instance, studies examining the memory performance of older adults confronting difficult situations requiring immediate, high-level memory performance might show enhanced memory performance if the older adults confronting the situation are with either a spouse or a friend who might provide expert interaction. Investigating such applied situations as mental and medical health care interventions for older adults could generate valuable results, leading to better and more efficacious intervention techniques. For instance, one might perform experiments to determine whether pairing older adults with partners who are briefed together (as a pair) on a medication schedule by a health practitioner would produce an effect upon medication compliance. If so, were the effects dependent upon characteristics of the pair such as health or cognitive status, etc? The results yield strong support for the concept that social collaboration is helpful for increasing memory performance by both younger and older adults, with older adults gaining a larger percentage benefit to their scores from the interaction than the younger adults. The results reported here also add support to the view that social interaction is a foundational aspect of memory. Investigating how older adults actively use social resources while they are remembering should be a high priority for further research. Study Questions 1. Discuss the possible ways in which social collaboration with a partner may be used in different older adults environments, for example, a therapeutic setting, to support and assist memory performance for older adults. 2. In a social context with a collaborator, does it matter if the two (or more) collaborators know each other well? If so, does a long-term attachment relationship support enhanced memory performance better than do other types of relationships? References Dixon, R. & Backman, L. (Eds.) (1995). Compensating for psychological deficits and declines: Managing losses and promoting gains. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Dixon, R.A., Gagnon, L.M. & Crow, C.B. (1998). Collabora-tive memory accuracy and distortion: Performance and beliefs. In M.J. Intons-Peterson & D.L. Best (Eds.), Memory distortions and their prevention. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Dixon, R. & Gould, O. (1998). Younger and older adults collaborating on retelling everyday stories. Applied Developmental Science, 2, No.3, 160-171. Dixon, R. & Gould, O. (1996). Adults telling and retelling
stories collaboratively. In P.B. Baltes & U.M. Staudinger (Eds.),
Interactive minds: Life-span perspectives on the social foundation
of cognition, 221-241. New York: Cambridge University Press.
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Virginia Geriatric Education Center Iris A. Parham, Ph.D.
We are delighted to announce that Ms. Naomi Feil, the founder of Validation Therapy, will be coming to Richmond in July for a one-day session, open to the public for a nominal fee (see related announcement). Additionally, April 2, 2003 has been chosen for the date of our national videoconference on palliative care. This national videoconference will be co-sponsored by our GEC colleagues at the Mountain State GEC, the Pennsylvania GEC, and the Western Reserve GEC. In the next issue the speakers and topics will be announced. We are also in the process of planning for two joint fall workshops on grant writing, one with the School of Social Work and one with William and Mary and the Crossroads Center of Excellence in Geriatrics. I am pleased to announce that with the next issue, regular articles on the progress of the Reynolds grant that was funded to the School of Medicine will begin. We are happy to have Dr. Peter Boling, the Reynolds grant Principle Investigator, contribute to the newsletter. Lastly, I am delighted to welcome Ms. Kathleen Watson to the faculty
of the Department and to the Senior Project Coordinator role for the VGEC.
Ms. Watson just received her M.S. in Gerontology in December and has much
hands-on experience in geriatric education. Sadly, we will miss Ms.
Angela Rothrock, our previous senior project coordinator, who is now in
Alabama, but happily she is working in the aging field and will be attending
the remaining validation therapy training sessions here in Richmond.
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Edward F. Ansello, Ph.D.
Elderhostel is a national and international not-for-profit organization, headquartered in Boston, dedicated to providing exceptional learning opportu-nities at affordable value. Each year we conduct more than 60 Elderhostel programs across Virginia, featuring instructors and topics drawn from the rich history and special qualities that typify our regions. Learners study Appalachian heritage, art and architecture, marine biology, Revolutionary and Civil War history, genealogy, jazz and swing, and much more at our learning sites in Hampton/ Yorktown, Richmond, Petersburg, and Natural Bridge. The educational experience may be hands on, involve travel and field trips, or require substantial interaction with sites, instructors, and fellow learners; programs tend to range from two to seven days in length. Our Elderhostel short programs and weekenders tend to attract Virginians. VCoA's Elderhostel program, for each of the past seven years, has brought to Virginia about a million dollars from non-Virginians, through their tuition and discretionary spending. They support the hotels that are our learning sites, our instructors, charter bus companies and museums, as well as restaurants, shops, theatres, etc., both during and after the course. VCoA has been the largest provider of Elderhostel in Virginia for the last two quarters, and is one of the top providers in the Middle Atlantic region. Between 1999 and 2001 our Elderhostel attendance has increased 11%, while nationally and regionally numbers were down 8% and 13%, respectively. Our programs in Richmond so far in 2002 have attracted double the numbers for this period in 2001. In a state known for its summer heat, we are pleased that all 10 of the programs scheduled at Richmond and Natural Bridge for mid-June to mid-July are filled to maximum capacity with waiting lists. VCoA's Elderhostel offerings have been selected for special commendation. For example, our six day program scheduled for October 2002, "Virginia Visionaries: Washington, Jefferson, Henry, and Their Acts of Rebellion" is one of only four in the nation to be featured on the cover of the Elderhostel U.S. & Canada Catalog. Our Lifelong Learning initiative brings short programs to retirement communities, senior centers, church and synagogue groups, and others interested in maintaining personal growth or satisfying their itch for learning. For some time we have offered older Virginians an away-from-home learning experience at the Chamberlin Hotel on or near Valentine's Day that we call, with some tongue in cheek, "Love of Learning." This past February our Ninth Annual Love of Learning drew 89 Virginians for a two-night program of history, poetry, and music, with on site explorations of Fort Monroe and Old Towne Smithfield. We remain committed to quality education for older adults. We are especially proud that VCoA's Assistant Director of Education, Dr. Jane Stephan, and our Richmond and Natural Bridge Elderhostel Coordinators, Catherine Dodson and Jim Gray, have put that commitment to practice with such positive effect.
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Virginia Department for the Aging Jay W. DeBoer, J.D.
Virginia Department for the Aging Welcomes New Commissioner
. On April 25, 2002, Governor Mark R. Warner appointed Jay W. DeBoer to serve as Commissioner of the Virginia Department for the Aging. Born in 1953 in Petersburg, Virginia, Mr. DeBoer received his Bachelor of Arts degree in Government from the College of William and Mary in 1975, and his Doctor of Jurisprudence from the Marshall-Wythe School of Law at the College of William and Mary in 1979. Mr. DeBoer was an attorney in private practice in the Petersburg area from 1979 until 2002. He was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates in 1982, and from 1983 until 2002, represented the 63rd House District in the General Assembly. He served as Co-Chair of the Health, Welfare and Institutions Committee, and was a member of the Finance, General Laws, Claims, Interstate Cooperation, Science and Technology, and Agriculture Committees. Mr. DeBoer was also a member and past Chair of the Joint Commission on Health Care, member and past Chair of the Virginia Code Commission, and member of the Joint Legislative Audit and Review Commission (JLARC). Mr. DeBoer is enthusiastic about his new position and the opportunities
it presents to influence aging services positively in the Common-wealth.
"I am eager to resume VDA's historical role of cooperation and collaboration
with our natural partners in the Aging Network, both public and private,
throughout Virginia. It will take all of our combined efforts and
talents to prepare Virginia for the great influx of "Baby Boomers" into
our Aging Community. This challenge will be great, and it is time
to "get going"." The staff at the Virginia Department for the Aging
welcomes their new leader, and looks forward to working with him to better
serve members of Virginia's aging population.
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Virginia Geriatric Education Center Kathleen Watson Kathleen Watson is the Senior Project Coordinator for the Virginia Geriatric Education Center. She began working at the VGEC in September, 2000 as a Research Specialist while enrolled in the Master's program in Gerontology. Her responsibilities include organization of projects related to the ten-objective grant that runs from 2000-2005. Kathleen is also an instructor for the Department of Gerontology. Kathleen received her BS in Administration of Justice and Public Safety in December, 1988 from Virginia Commonwealth University. She then began a career in retail management where she successfully ran stores for Garden Botanika, Paul Harris Stores, and The Cosmetic Center. Kathleen always has enjoyed the company of older adults. She had the opportunity to learn first hand about what older adults and their caregivers face while caring for an aging family member. This experience prompted her to enroll part time in the Gerontology program in 1998. Kathleen received her MS in Gerontology with a concentration in Adult Education in December, 2001. Kathleen enjoys time with her husband, daughter, and three cats.
She also spends as much time as possible outdoors in the spring and summer
months and hopes to live by the ocean someday.
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Nathan McAnally Nathan McAnally joined the VCoA staff in August of 2001 as a program assistant to the Elderhostel program. He assists with the registration and preparation for the programs, and with inquiries about program details. Nathan is a graduate of Colonial Heights High School, 1997. He then attended Richard Bland College for two years, graduating with an Associate in Science, where he made Dean's List twice. Following Richard Bland, he transferred to VCU and graduated with a B.S. in Psychology in May of 2002. Nathan, son of a retired Army Warrant Officer, lived and traveled throughout Europe, Asia, and North America. In 1992, he settled in Colonial Heights with his mother and father. He enjoys reading, learning, and maintaining physical fitness.
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The Virginia Board of Medicine provides an easy way to search for information on doctors of medicine, osteopathic medicine, and podiatry anytime at www.vahealthprovider.com. You can search for doctors by name, locality, specialty, or hospital affiliation. Doctors' profiles include primary and secondary practice addresses, translating services at the primary practice address, graduate school and year of completion, post graduate school and year of completion, board eligibility, board certification, self-designated practice areas (specialties), years in active clinical practice, Medicaid participation, hospital privileges and affiliations, academic appointments, publications, disciplinary action by other organizations or state boards, and paid claims in the most recent ten years. Optional information that doctors may choose to report includes: Medicare participation, telephone numbers at practice addresses, translating services at secondary practice addresses, continuing education hours, and honors and awards. Information on the website, with the exception of the Virginia Board of Medicine Notices and Orders and licensing information, is self-reported by the doctor. Realizing that not all citizens have computer access, the Board also offers a call center (804-643-4337), Monday through Friday, 9:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m., where the public can call for information on licensees over the telephone or request a paper summary be mailed or faxed to them for review.
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Al Copolillo, Ph.D, OTR/L
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Tara Beatty, M.S.
Ten minutes. Not a long time to most people, but priceless to an Alzheimer's caregiver. In 10 minutes, a caregiver can register a loved one in the Alzheimer's Association Safe Return program. Safe Return is the only nationwide program that assists in the identification and safe, timely return of individuals with Alzheimer's Disease or another dementia who wander and become lost. Since 1993, Safe Return has helped locate and return over 6,700 individuals to their homes. The success rate is nearly 100 percent. Wandering is a common and potentially life-threatening behavior that may accompany Alzheimer's Disease. Nearly 60 percent of the four million Americans with Alzheimer's Disease may wander off and become lost during the course of the disease. Unless found within 24 hours, nearly half of these wanderers will die of dehydration or hypothermia. If you would like more information, please call
Tara Beatty, the Safe Return Coordinator at the Greater Richmond Chapter
of the Alzheimer's Association at (804) 967-2583.
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The Virginia Geriatric Education Center and the VCU Department of Gerontology, in conjunction with the VCU School of Social Work will present a Grant Writing Workshop September 18, 2002, conducted by Nancy Morrow-Howell, Ph.D. Dr. Morrow-Howell is the Chair of the George Warren Brown School of Social Work's Doctoral Program at Washington University in Saint Louis. She is currently working on several federally funded grant projects on depression as well as on productive engagement in older adults. The workshop will take place from 9:00 a.m. to
12:00 noon at the VCU School of Social Work, 1001 W. Franklin Street. For
further information on the Grant Writing Workshop, please contact Kathleen
Watson at (804) 828-9060 or by email at kdwatson@mail2.vcu.edu.
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Alzheimer's and Related Diseases Research Award Fund 2002-2003 ALZHEIMER'S RESEARCH AWARD FUND RECIPIENTS ANNOUNCED The Alzheimer's and Related Diseases Research Award Fund (ARDRAF) was established by the Virginia General Assembly in 1982 to stimulate innovative investigations into Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related disorders along a variety of avenues, such as the causes, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of the disorder; public policy and the financing of care; and the social and psychological impacts of the disease upon the individual, family and community. The ARDRAF competition is administered by the Virginia Center on Aging at Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond. The four grant recipients of the 2002-2003 awards are as follows: VA Tech Paul R. Carlier, Ph.D. (Department of Chemistry) "Structure-Based
Design of Dimeric Memory Enhancing Drugs"
VCU J. James Cotter, Ph.D., E. Ayn Welleford, Ph.D. (Department
of Gerontology) and K. Vesley (Chesapeake Bay Agency on Aging, Inc.)
"Improving the Capacity of Home Care Aides in Rural Areas Serving Persons
with Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders"
JMU Merle E. Mast, Ph.D. and Marylin Wakefield, Ph.D. (Department
of Nursing) "Rural Family Caregivers' Perceptions of Facilitators and Deterrents
to the Use of In-Home Respite"
UVA Elana Farace, Ph.D. and Mark E. Shaffrey, M.D
(Department of Neurological Surgery) "Neurocognitive Discrimination of
Alzheimer's from Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Verified by Brain
Biopsy"
2002-2003 Awards Committee Paul Aravich, Ph.D.
Katie Benghauser, M.S.
Wendell Combest, Ph.D.
Jorge Cortina, M.D.
Erik J. Fernandez, Ph.D
Alison Galway, Ph.D.
Nitya R. Ghatak, M.D.
Samuel A. Green, Ph.D.
Douglas M. Gross, Ph.D.
David Hess, Ph.D.
Suzanne Holroyd, M.D.
Peter Kennelly, Ph.D.
Richard Lindsay, M.D.
Elizabeth O'Keefe, M.D.
Deborah Perkins, M.S., R.N., C.S., G.N.P.
Janet H. Watts, Ph.D., O.T.R.
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Kathleen Watson, M.S.
The Virginia Geriatric Education Center proudly hosted Naomi Feil, MSW, author of The Validation Breakthrough and creator of the Validation method, as she presented a one-day workshop on Saturday, July 13, 2002 at Lakewood Manor, 1900 Lauderdale Dr., Richmond, Va. The workshop was very successful with over 150 registrants. Naomi Feil’s enthusatic speaking style provided participants with an educational demonstration of the Stages of Disorientation and methods of communicating with confused older adults. Validation is a tested model of practice for caregivers and professionals who interact with disoriented older adults affected by Alzheimer's type dementia. The principles taught in Validation can benefit a disoriented or mentally frail older person by tuning into his or her inner world, which can reduce stress and enhance dignity. If you would like more information about Naomi
Feil or Validation, contact Kathleen Watson at (804) 828-9060, or kdwatson@mail2.vcu.edu.
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The 2nd Biennial Conference of the Alzheimer’s and Related Diseases Research Award Fund On June 28, 2002, the Virginia Center on Aging and the Alzheimer’s Association - Greater Richmond Chapter presented the 2nd Biennial Conference of the Alzheimer’s and Related Diseases Research Award Fund, Discovering Treatments and Improving the Care of Persons with Dementia. The program featured sessions of special interest to two basic groups of participants, professionals (health care, social work, disabilities, etc) and family caregivers. The conference was extremely successful in meeting its goal of informing researchers, health care professionals, legislators, human service providers, advocates, caregivers, and members of Virginia’s Aging Network. The presentations highlighted emerging findings regarding the causes, treatments, and consequences of Alzheimer’s disease, as well, demonstrating the importance of ARDRAF as a resource in combating dementia. The conference would not have not been so successful without the splendid contributions of our speakers who dedicated themselves to communicating their research findings to an audience of professionals and family caregivers. Lectures, discussions, hallway conversations, and shared experiences added to participants’ growing knowledge of dementing illnesses. We would like to give a special thank you to each speaker for providing innovative and stimulating findings on Alzheimer’s Disease and related dementias. We thank all 162 participants for making this conference so informative. ARDRAF Conference Speakers Cameron Camp, Ph.D
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Recently, Elderhostel Boston recognize several of VCU’s Elderhostel Coordinators and their years of service. VCoA would like to thank the site Coordinators for their dedication and commitment to the success of VCU’s Elderhostel programs. The following awards were given to our Elderhostel Coordinators: 15 year pins
10 year pins
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July 28, 2002
July 29-31, 2002
August 19-22, 2002
September 6, 2002
September 19-21, 2002
October 3-5, 2002
October 7-8, 2002
October 24-25, 2002
January 15, 2003
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