Autism is a spectrum disorder with a wide range of characteristics ranging from mild to severe. Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) demonstrate difficulties in three major areas: social interaction, communication, and behavior.

 

Social Interactions:  A person with ASD might have difficulties in relating to people and demonstrating social reciprocity. There is impairment in peer relations and social interactions. The individual might have limited interest in such relations or may seek interaction in unusual ways. The use and understanding of nonverbal forms of communication might be limited. Emotional expression and regulation are greatly restricted. The capacity to play in an age appropriate or functional manner might be absent or delayed. There might be an inability to engage in imaginative activities.

 

Communication: Many aspects of the communication process are impaired for a person with ASD. Understanding others’ verbal and nonverbal language and communicative attempts (receptive language) might be a challenge. Use of communication (expressive language) is limited in function and/or frequency. Verbal language might be altogether absent. If present, the style and communicative patterns will likely be atypical and can include echolalia, unusual vocal intonations and/or difficulties with volume. The use of communication might be repetitive, restricted, or used only to get desires met. Vocabulary and word use might be limited or used inappropriately.

  

Restricted, Repetitive, and Stereotypical Patterns of Behavior:  The individual with ASD often exhibits stereotyped and repetitive movements with his or her body or objects. There might be great distress over changes and insistence on following routines. The individual might have an extreme preoccupation with or attachment to an object or topic of interest. Play or leisure activities are likely repetitive and restricted.

 

How can I explain autism to others?

The T/TAC at VCU in collaboration with other T/TACs across the state have developed a user-friendly brochure that you can give to other teachers, parents, or community members to better explain autism and some simple strategies for working with this special population.

 

What You Need to Know About Me:  A Student with Autism

 

                                                                                                 

Guidance Documents

The Virginia Department of Education has developed guidance manuals to help educators, administrors, and parents working to improve services for students with ASD.

 

Guidelines for Educating Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Models of Best Practice in the Education of Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Autism Sprectrum Disorders and the Transition to Adulthood

The Infant & Toddler Connection of Virginia has also developed a guidance document for working with families with young children with Autism Spectrum Disorders,

Supporting Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders and Their Families

Powerpoint Presentations

These are PowerPoint presentations (with voice over) that include activities to increase your knowledge and understanding of:

• Autism
• Asperger Syndrome 
• Communication
• Social Skills
• Behavior and proactive strategies
• Sensory Integration  

Disclaimer: Please note that the above PowerPoint presentations are not in accessible format but may be useful for professional development activities.

Personal Perspectives

Adults with autism have written about autism from their own personal perspectives. If you are interested in learning more about these individuals follow these links:

• Donna Williams [blog]
• William Stillman [blog]
• Sue Rubin
• Liane Willey Holliday